The Middle East Institute held a one-day conference today to consider these very questions amid the recent rapprochement between Iran, Turkey, and Russia over Syria. We kicked off the morning by looking beyond the notion of ‘Middle East’ and how transnational and diasporic dynamics could inform a more expansive definition of the region. Panel discussions during the day considered the history of the networks of relations in the so-called Northern Tier and whether differences could be put aside. The common assumption of constant conflict and competition was dispelled as we looked at the role of transnational actors in the region, and their often overlooked harmony of interests and cooperation. As we considered pipelines, gas and the energy sector, our discussants analysed intra-regional ties, their relevance internationally and the shifts and consequences arising from changes in demand and production. Great Game or New Great Game? Silk Road or New Silk Road? A full day of discussions that raised as many questions as there were answers.